why was henry vii called the winter kingwhy was henry vii called the winter king

Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. ), The Reign of Henry VII. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. His dynasty was hanging by a thread and all his hopes had to rest on his youngest son, Henry, and Elizabeth of York producing another son, a spare. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. Up to a point, he succeeded. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. Happy St Davids Day! Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. "King Henry VII" redirects here. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. 1509. Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video [2] His father died three months before his birth. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. Through luck, guile, and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, emerged as rulerbut as a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne, he remained a usurper and false king to many, and his hold on power was precarious. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! Henry was a remarkable man. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. This is why he named the book the Winter King. [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. Henry VIII was spring and Henry VII was winter. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. Henry VII is also known as Henry Tudor. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Henry VII: The Winter King. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. Thank you for subscribing. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. Doubtless the plotters were encouraged by the deaths of Henrys sons in 1500 and 1502 and of his wife in 1503. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. What old December's bareness every where! 1517. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. But, his enemies didnt agree. More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. Why is this ambitious? [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. No. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. The Lancastrian Henry and his Yorkist wife Elizabeth strove to reconcile the factions, but unreconciled Yorkists, to whom he was no more than a usurper, harassed his reign. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. This definitely was not that. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. Overblown prose trumpeting his reign seemed to be the order of the day. Henry VII: Winter King, BBC Two, review - The Telegraph

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