Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Who translated Ramayana into Persian? | Indian History - Sawaal Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. translator of the Rajataragini. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. . The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Devout Shaivite. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. "useRatesEcommerce": false field of Asian Studies. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. Rajatarangini | Sanskrit, Chronicle, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica Answer. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Made king by the minister Shura. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. Shah Mir dynasty - Wikipedia Omissions? (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Verse 12. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. When did the capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi? This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. Hari Parbat is visible in the background. [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. Verse 15. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Nothing is known about his origin. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Subscribe here. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. Verse 12. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. . This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. It does not store any personal data. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: Son of Aksha. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. He subdued several enemies. in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z elsewhere. A Persian Mahabharata: The 1598-1599 Razmnama Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. [6], On the other hand, the 15th century Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, writing in the court of Shah Mir's descendant Budshah, states that Shah Mir came to Kashmir along with his tribe from the country of Panchagahvara (identified as the Panjgabbar valley between Rajouri and Budhal). This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Total loading time: 0 It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. Persian Literature: How Kashmir Came To Be Known As 'Little Iran' View all Google Scholar citations Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Verse 7. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Rajatarangini - Rajatarangini.pdf - [PDF Document] Rajatarangini . By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". Deposed by the minister Shura. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian.
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