e) Self-actualization and physiological. The third of McClellands learned needs, the need for power (nPow), is the need to control things, especially other people. d) Clayton Alderfer e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site a) distributive justice The cell membrane is composed. 6. According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? For each pair of socks purchased, the company donates a pair of socks to someone in need (Mulvey 2017). List of Organizational Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions with Answers: Q1. Multiple Choice Quiz. and you must attribute OpenStax. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. Nursing Quiz - NCLEX-RN, CGFNS, Canadian Licensure - Current Nursing 59. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. Other people have lower affiliation needs. c) David McClelland d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. Manny is classified as driven by a need for: McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. The Promotion contains a game of chance . are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. The individual level does not impact the group level. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. B. Instilling faith-hope . Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? 14.3 Need-Based Theories of Motivation Is There An Objective Morality? - iai.tv All of the following are examples of stage theories in development except _____. a) Esteem, social, and safety Accounting for the imputed interest on a noninterest bearing note receivable is an example of what aspect of accounting theory? e) expectancy or instrumentality or valence equals zero, d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. e) working longer hours. Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. e) It holds that people who feel underpaid will reduce their work efforts to compensate for missing rewards. a) existence factors relation to the euro, what is the d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. 67. d) hygiene factors c) Expectancy Want to cite, share, or modify this book? We say these people have a high achievement motive. d) Higher-order Understand the content theories of motivation. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/april-2017/rbs-boosts-employee-motivation-engagement-csr-approach/, Bombas. e) Interactional justice. One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. A need is a human condition that becomes "energized" when people feel deficient in some respect. High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. According to CB Bhattacharya, the Pietro Ferrero Chair in Sustainability at ESMT European School of Management and Technology in Berlin, Germany, employment engagement, or how positive employees feel about their current job, was at an all-time low globally in 2016: 13 percent. esteem 60. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. Good pay by itself will only make the employee neutral toward work; to attain satisfaction, employees need challenging job duties that result in a sense of achievement. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Employees high in nAff should be placed in jobs that require or allow interactions with other employees. b.) b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Chapter 1 Test Midterm Leadership Flashcards Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee e) relatedness, According to McClelland, it is __________. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. e) Frederick Herzberg. a) ERG theory collapses Maslow's five need levels into two need categories. To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Introduction to the Most Important Theories of Teaching - ThoughtCo 58. Although the New Yorkbased company is still growing, as of October 2017 Bombas had donated more than four million pairs of socks (Bombas 2017). The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? a) goal-oriented rewards. High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. Matching b. Verifiability c . Term. Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. Question 7 content theories include all of the - Course Hero Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? probable effect that this will have on trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. the consequences of an individual's behavior. Identify situational conditions. Employees can be dissatisfied, neutral, or satisfied with their jobs, depending on their levels of hygienes and motivators. d) working conditions. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. c) Expectancy According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. To defend the self against assault, criticism, and blame. a) Motivator factors are related to job content. ______________ is classified as a content theory. Refinements of Maslows theory in recent years reflect this more limited hierarchy.11 The self-assessment below will allow you to evaluate the strength of your five needs. b) sense of achievement. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 It focuses on employee motivation,. a) felt negative inequity A latent need cannot be inferred from a persons behavior at a given time, yet the person may still possess that need. It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. The person may not have had the opportunity to express the need. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy Definition. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. a) reducing work inputs. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. e) group instead of individual goals. The Anti-Immigration Protests. Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. d) Interactional justice Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. 1999-2023, Rice University. To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. b) self esteem In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. Could we detect that need from her current behavior? a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. d.) self-actualization d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence b. To like to laugh and make jokes. Question 8. a.) Solved Content perspectives, also known as need-based | Chegg.com http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. c.) Teachable A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. 56. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? c) reinforcers High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. d) Safety To snub or jilt an object. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? e) relatedness factors. See Answer. This is a manifest need. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence d) valences High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. Multiple Choice Quiz - Oxford University Press Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. C) an effort toward creating goals. a. a. To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). The diversity of the living world is staggering. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. d) 28 The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? To form and further an erotic relationship. Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. To answer this question, we must examine types of motivation. Maslow's social needs tend to be more important in more collectivist societies like Mexico, thereby challenging the structured approach to the pyramid across cultures. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. 35 the content theories of motivation include all of - Course Hero The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. Multiple Choice Quiz - Oxford University Press To overcome opposition forcefully. consent of Rice University. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. action therapy h. Therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques. c) Esteem 53. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. a) power. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the _____ theory. c) Assumed positive inequity To praise, honor, or eulogize. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. Intro to Criminal Justice (ch.5) (MC) Flashcards | Quizlet They differ in that they feel best when they have influenced a work group to achieve the groups goals, and not some personal agenda. a. psychopharmacology j. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization Because meeting these needs provides satisfaction, they motivate workers. e) ERG theory, Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. c) Relatedness Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. social, esteem, and self-actualization. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. a.) Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? a) expectancies To please and win affection of a coveted object. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. c) affiliation b) organizational policies and administration. Theyre more likely to go bowling with friends after work than to go home and watch television. More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. d. goal-setting theory. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. (After all, doesnt everyone want to be paid well? b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. <p>Official Rules</p> <p>NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals. All of the following are assumptions of Theory Y except: a) people . c) affiliation b) perceived positive inequity For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). a) achievement Solved ) The cell theory includes all of the following - Chegg b) Alderfer's ERG theory. e) assumed negative inequity, According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received? content theories include all of the following theories except: There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. a) MBO To oppose forcefully or punish another. c. He relied on correlational methods. a) expectancy e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. c) When a person will react to specific management styles c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. They avoid both simple and impossible situations. Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). But most of us dont steal. benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. To separate oneself from a negatively valued object. Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). e) Physiological. d) Goal setting abeka curriculum controversy. McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. Which of the following is classified as a content theory? e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . Researchers have used it to identify the wide range of factors that influence worker reactions. The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. b. ERG theory. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. a) expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. b) ERG b) Social c) sense of responsibility. ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. b) Instrumentality Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. A disaster may be domestic or international b.
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