Of the 150 districts up for election in 2022, 96 had a General election with more than one candidate. The reimbursement may not exceed the amount reported as a loan. If so, is he also liable for losses and expenses related to (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law and except as provided by Subsection (c), a person who knowingly makes or authorizes a political contribution or political expenditure that is a political contribution to another candidate, officeholder, or political committee, or direct campaign expenditure, from political contributions accepted by the person as a candidate or officeholder may not engage in any activities that require the person to register under Chapter 305, Government Code, during the two-year period after the date the person makes or authorizes the political contribution or direct campaign expenditure. Sec. Incorrect answers: 76.02, eff. Sec. 3233), Sec. This title does not prohibit the imposition of civil penalties by the commission in addition to criminal penalties or other sanctions imposed by law. Jan. 1, 1992. Apply today! 253.042. Use the Kujawas expense summary to answer the question. (b) A corporation or labor organization may not make a political contribution in connection with a recall election, including the circulation and submission of a petition to call an election. UNLAWFULLY MAKING OR ACCEPTING CONTRIBUTION. 763, Sec. 12, eff. CONTRIBUTION TO CERTAIN COMMITTEES CONSIDERED CONTRIBUTION TO CANDIDATE OR OFFICEHOLDER. issue advocacy 996, Sec. TREATMENT OF INCORPORATED POLITICAL COMMITTEE. Sec. policies that are beneficial to their group, Analyze the infographic below, and determine which of the following statements about contributions to the Texas legislature in 2014 are correct. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. June 2, 2019. An out-of-state political committee that does not file reports electronically in another jurisdiction may comply with Section 254.1581, Election Code, by sending a copy of the cover sheets of the report and a copy of each page on which the committee reports a contribution or expenditure accepted or made in connection with a state or local . Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. Capital Eye Opener, Dec. 13: Women Donors for Obama, Ashley Judd Favored for Dems' Senate Nomination, and More. Effective interest groups tend to have which of the following resources available to them? Texas ranks among the top 10 when compared to other states in contacting or visiting public officials. 15, eff. An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. 763, Sec. (b) For purposes of this subchapter, the members of the associations specified by Subsection (a) are considered to be stockholders. 17(2), eff. 253.093. 1, eff. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. (Which interest groups contribute the most? Except for the Revolving Door section, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License by OpenSecrets.org. 3.73 & 4.05 \\ Contributions are subject to the Act's source prohibitions. LIMITATION ON CONTRIBUTION BY OUT-OF-STATE COMMITTEE. - Most campaign donations go to Republicans in the Texas legislature. Renumbered from Election Code Sec. $$ 62, Sec. 249, Sec. 3580), Sec. June 2, 2019. A political expenditure that is made by the principal political committee of the state executive committee or a county executive committee of a political party for a generic get-out-the-vote campaign or to create and distribute a written list of two or more candidates is not considered a contribution to a judicial candidate who benefits from the get-out-the-vote campaign or is included in the written list and is not subject to the limits of Section 253.155 or 253.157 if the get-out-the-vote campaign or written list: (1) identifies the party's candidates by name and office sought, office held, or photograph; (2) does not include any reference to the judicial philosophy or positions on issues of the party's judicial candidates; and. Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. Sept. 1, 1997. A former candidate or former officeholder who lawfully accepts political contributions may use those contributions to make an expenditure to defray expenses incurred by the person in performing a duty or engaging in an activity in connection with an appointive office of a state board or commission. (b) A corporation or labor organization may not knowingly make a contribution authorized by Subsection (a) during a period beginning on the 60th day before the date of a general election for state and county officers and continuing through the day of the election. Half of all Texans believe that they can trust all or most people in their neighborhood. While having the biggest campaign account is no guarantee of success at the polls, studies conducted by the Center for Responsive Politics and the Campaign Finance Institute found a strong correlation.[1][2]. (a) A candidate or officeholder who makes political expenditures from the candidate's or officeholder's personal funds may report the amount expended as a loan and may reimburse those personal funds from political contributions in the amount of the reported loan. 253.092. Correct Answer(s) Groups that represent which of the following interests tend to dominate the Texas legislature? (B) a general-purpose committee established or controlled by the law firm or a member of the law firm; (D) the spouse of a member of the law firm. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 3233), Sec. In 2010, there were about 811,147 constituents per state district in Texas. Professional group: Using this, answer: What is the capital per worker at steady state? (a) A corporation or labor organization may make one or more expenditures to finance nonpartisan voter registration and get-out-the-vote campaigns aimed at its stockholders or members, as applicable, or at the families of its stockholders or members. 6, eff. 1/3 15 Q About ____% of the Texas house seats are considered competitive A A. 17(5), eff. September 1, 2009. Those donations have added up, bringing in about $9.7 million for Abbott and $37.8. (c) Reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit may be awarded to the defendant if judgment is rendered in the defendant's favor. CERTAIN CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES AUTHORIZED. Tech: Matt Latourelle Nathan Bingham Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. Civil rights group: The contribution limits work a little differently for presidential campaigns. e 3.93 & 4.22 \\ September 1, 2019. -140 days -6 months -one year -two years, True or false: Under the Texas Constitution, the power to tax resides with the legislature., The Texas State Senate consists of _____ members, who are elected to _____ year terms. In what way are Texas, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota similar? $$ Sec. A Des Moines Register review of two years of campaign finance data shows Republicans have accumulated $1.5 million more than Democrats in candidate contributions and in-kind spending in the. 253.103. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. the Legislature wants to avoid public scrutiny, In any given legislative session, most bills. get-out-the-vote efforts \begin{array}{cc} 384 (H.B. (b) A person who violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed three times the amount of the political contributions accepted in violation of this section. Public employee interest group: 2012)]. 253.132. 384 (H.B. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 384 (H.B. By how much. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 3233), Sec. Ad volumes . Which of the following would be considered an interest group? In general, Texas has relatively - rates of civic engagement. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1993. Fled because they anticipated the Governor calling a second special session and they didn't want to be forced into a quorum. 3903), Sec. EXPENDITURE FROM UNLAWFUL CONTRIBUTION. (b) The contribution limits under this section are: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $5,000; or. \text{Transportation}\\ 253.1621. (c) This section does not apply to a political contribution made or accepted in violation of Subchapter F. (d) Except as provided by Subsection (e), a person who violates this section commits an offense. 1079 (H.B. Why did 11 Texas senators go to Albuquerque, New Mexico on July 28, 2003? 7, eff. June 2, 2019. Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. Why was the Legislative Redistricting Board's multi-member plan invalidated by a federal court in 1971? 899, Sec. 2.05, 2.06, eff. External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell After the 2010 Census, each member represented 167,637 residents. (3) "Judicial district" means the territory from which a judicial candidate is elected or appointed. June 2, 2019. OFFICEHOLDER CONTRIBUTIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH CAMPAIGN. 253.034. 2359), Sec. 304, Sec. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 3, eff. - League of United Latin American Citizens (b) A corporation may make political expenditures, including fully or partially matching contributions to an organization that is exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(3), Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to finance the solicitation of political contributions to a general-purpose committee assisted under Subsection (a) from the stockholders, employees, or families of stockholders or employees of one or more corporations. If a political committee the only principal purpose of which is accepting political contributions and making political expenditures incorporates for liability purposes only, the committee is not considered to be a corporation for purposes of this subchapter. Across all contested General elections, candidates raised $51.2 million. 3.75 & 3.89 \\ An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. Additionally, federal law prohibits the use of contributor information for the purpose of soliciting contributions or for any commercial purpose. How long is the Texas legislature in session? (d) This section does not apply to a political party's county executive committee that accepts political contributions or makes political expenditures, except that: (1) a county executive committee that accepts political contributions or makes political expenditures shall maintain the records required by Section 254.001; and. (a-1) A candidate or officeholder or a specific-purpose committee for supporting, opposing, or assisting the candidate or officeholder may not knowingly make or authorize a payment from a political contribution for the rental or purchase of real property from: (1) a person related within the second degree by consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Chapter 573, Government Code, to the candidate or officeholder; or. A corporation or labor organization may make campaign contributions from its own property to a political committee that has filed an affidavit with the committee's campaign treasurer appointment in accordance with Section 252.003(a)(4) or 252.0031(a)(2). 5.07, eff. What is the pay of a member of the Texas legislature, taking into account salary and per diem compensation, in a year that the legislature is in session? Texas' longest-serving woman and Black person in the history of the Texas Legislature, Rep. Senfronia Thompson, has a compilation of bills she's introducing during the legislative session. June 2, 2019. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj The numbers from the table below were taken from campaign finance reports for Texas State Senate and Texas House of Representatives candidates from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020, and those were compared with reports from the same time period during the 2018 election cycle. CORPORATIONS COVERED. You cannot donate $2,800 for each state primary in which the candidate is running. contributors who live outside the district. (b) Following certification of population under Subsection (a), the commission or county clerk, as appropriate, shall make available to each candidate for an office covered by this subchapter written notice of the contribution limits applicable to the office the candidate seeks. | Out-source | 220 | 350 | 300 | (a) Except as provided by Section 253.0351(c), each candidate or officeholder shall keep the person's campaign and officeholder contributions in one or more accounts that are separate from any other account maintained by the person. Conference committees would work to solve the differences. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How long is the Texas legislative session? ~~~~~\text{Heating fuel} & & 50.00 & 15.00\\ Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. The date indicated by the post office cancellation mark or the common or contract carrier documents is considered to be the date the contribution was placed in the mail or delivered to the common or contract carrier unless proven otherwise. (c) Repealed by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. About the office Members of the Texas House of Representatives serve two-year terms and are not subject to term limits. 253.162. Other times, they link together nicknames such as Tim Brown and Timothy Brown at the same address. September 1, 2019. Most campaign contributions for Texas legislature races come from super PACs About __% of Texas House seats are considered competitive. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. federal matching funds. (a) A person may not knowingly make or authorize a political expenditure in violation of this chapter. (2) reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit. Since Greg Abbott first declared he would run for governor on July 14, 2013, he's raised the equivalent of $83,793 per day to fund his pursuit of power. Assuming that Simard is Sec. ~~~~~\text{Car registration} & &4.33 & 0\\ (c) A person who violates this section commits an offense. (e) In this section, "legislative caucus" means an organization that is composed exclusively of members of the legislature, that elects or appoints officers and recognizes identified legislators as members of the organization, and that exists for research and other support of policy development and interests that the membership hold in common. 905 (H.B. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch How can you provide a positive customer experience? The House Insurance Committee is hearing testimony from the Texas Department of Insurance about the effectiveness of recent procedural changes within the department. An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. Jan. 1, 1992. (d) A person who knowingly makes or accepts a contribution in violation of this section is liable for damages to the state in the amount of triple the value of the unlawful contribution. If the legislature takes the action necessary to . super PACs. Recent efforts at reforming it have been -. 384 (H.B. LIABILITY TO STATE. What is the pay of a member of the Texas legislature, taking into account salary, per diem compensation, in a year that the legislature is in session? An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor. 1009 (H.B. 2586), Sec. They are public servants who do not personally profit from their backgrounds. Define the restricted and unrestricted models if the hypotheses are Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. High turnover rates in the Texas legislature are primarily due to: What is the first formal act of the Texas House at the beginning of a legislative session? (c) If the contribution or expenditure is in opposition to a candidate, the candidate is entitled to recover damages under this section. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. Texas governor's race Throughout his political career, Gov. Democrats currently have complete control in 15 states and Republicans do in 21. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 811,147 residents. A political contribution that is received and refused during that period shall be returned to the contributor not later than the 30th day after the date of receipt. gifts} & & 20.00 & 11.65\\ Sec. Most campaign contributions for Texas legislature races come from Selected Answer: contributors who live outside the district. 3233), Sec. $$ contract to purchase real property in Maryland September 1, 2009. (e) Subsection (d) does not apply to a corporation or labor organization making a campaign contribution to a political committee under Section 253.097 or an expenditure to communicate with its stockholders or members, as applicable, or with the families of its stockholders or members as provided by Section 253.098. Sec. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. Solve each equation for the variable suggested: (a) q=0.15p+0.14q=0.15 p+0.14q=0.15p+0.14 for ppp (supply of rice in India), (b) S=+PS=\alpha+\beta PS=+P for PPP (supply function), (c) A=12ghA=\frac{1}{2} g hA=21gh for ggg (the area of a triangle), (d) V=43r3V=\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3V=34r3 for rrr (the volume of a ball), (e) AKL=Y0A K^\alpha L^\beta=Y_0AKL=Y0 for LLL (production function). 5 Most Expensive Elections General elections for all 150 districts in the Texas House of Representatives took place on Nov. 8, 2022. A 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, charitable organization, 1100 13th Street, NW, Suite 800 a small six-pound cannon in Gonzales, Texas (2) the loan is made in the due course of business. Answers: super PACs. Only contributions to Democrats and Republicans or liberal and conservative outside groups are included in calculating the percentages the donor has given to either party. COERCION PROHIBITED. ~~~~~\text{Rent} & & 625.00 & 625.00\\ The contest was unusually competitive for an election in Texas, with most polls showing Cruz only slightly ahead. (3) by a person who holds a state office or a member of the legislature if the person or member was defeated at the general election held immediately before the session is convened or by a specific-purpose political committee that supports or assists only that person or member. What is the only state that had more constituents per senator? September 1, 2007. Generally synonymous with reapportionment. 2, eff. According to Table 3.6, which chamber is less competitive overall? ~~~~~\text{Emergency fund} & & 50.00 & 50.00\\ 17(2), eff. (b) A judicial candidate or a specific-purpose committee for supporting or opposing a judicial candidate may not use a political contribution to knowingly make political contributions to a political committee in connection with a primary election. Sept. 1, 1987. (c) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. - credibility Over 80 percent of campaign donations to candidates for commissioner come from the industries the commission regulates, leading many critics to charge that it has been captured by the interest groups it is supposed to oversee. $$ A state senator that usually considers all options and then chooses the on he or she believes is the best is demonstrating what kind of representational role? 1096, Sec. Sec. 17(1), eff. 1, eff. Race can be a factor but not a predominate factor. 253.1611. Watch the animation on campaign spending by employees of different industries and determine which of the following statements are accurate. 3.63 & 4.74 - Sierra Club, Analyze the infographic below, and determine which of the following statements are accurate. 1, eff. - Democrats receive more funds from interest groups than do Republicans. 76.01, eff. In addition to any other expenditure that is considered permissible under this section, a corporation may make an expenditure for the maintenance and operation of a general-purpose committee, including an expenditure for: (1) office space maintenance and repairs; (5) general office and meeting supplies; (6) salaries for routine clerical, data entry, and administrative assistance necessary for the proper administrative operation of the committee; (7) legal and accounting fees for the committee's compliance with this title; (8) routine administrative expenses incurred in establishing and administering a general-purpose political committee; (9) management and supervision of the committee, including expenses incurred in holding meetings of the committee's governing body to interview candidates and make endorsements relating to the committee's support; (10) the recording of committee decisions; (11) expenses incurred in hosting candidate forums in which all candidates for a particular office in an election are invited to participate on the same terms; (12) expenses incurred in preparing and delivering committee contributions; or. 3.96 & 4.36 \\ A Texan is MOST likely to identify as a conservative. resulting in a nal price of $130,000. 899, Sec. 481 (H.B. When someone receives the benefits of collective action without contributing, it is known as which of the following? (4) has filed an affidavit with the commission stating the committee's intention to operate as described by Subdivisions (2) and (3). (h) In this section, "courthouse" means any building owned by the state, a county, or a municipality, or an office or part of a building leased to the state, a county, or a municipality, in which a justice or judge sits to conduct court proceedings. CONTRIBUTIONS PROHIBITED. influencing governmental decisions on behalf of an interest group. (a) A person may not knowingly make a political contribution in violation of this chapter. Which type of legislative committee is most important? (c) A person who violates this section commits an offense. -the required tithing to the Catholic church. 253.157. 2, eff. SELECT A CYCLE 2020 All federal contributions Top Individual Contributors: All Federal Contributions, 2019 - 2020 Export to CSV Showing 1 to 25 of 100 entries At the statewide or legislative level, fines for missed reporting deadlines start at $500. 2525), Sec. 3233), Sec. Because of this, individual effects on the Texas political process are likely to be -. Which of the following is NOT among the powers of the speaker of the house in Texas, D. Appoints all members of standing committees. Sec. 3.26 & 4.09 \\ (b) A person who violates this section commits an offense. ), Correct answers: 209 (H.B. Sec. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Which of the following are strategies that interest groups use to promote their concerns? - Employees from finance, insurance, and real estate provide the most campaign contributions among the groups listed. Rather, the vast majority of money spent on these activities comes from wealthy citizens and business interest groups. To request permission for commercial use, please contactus. - Finance, insurance, and real estate interest groups contributed more money than any other interest groups 17(2), eff. Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 864, Sec. 1, eff. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 253.153. CONTRIBUTION PROHIBITED EXCEPT DURING ELECTION PERIOD. Which of the following are examples of incentives that interest groups use to overcome free rider problems? What is the only state had more constituents per senator? In the early twentieth century what areas were generally over represented in many state legislatures? 763, Sec. (b) A specific-purpose committee that accepts a political contribution may not convert the contribution to the personal use of a candidate, officeholder, or former candidate or officeholder. About what percentage of the Texas House seats are considered competitive? 1306 (H.B. ~~~~~\text{Sporting events/recreation} & & 32.00 & 32.00\\ 253.0351. A. 1, eff. 3233), Sec. A contribution made by United States mail or by common or contract carrier is not considered received during that period if it was properly addressed and placed with postage or carrier charges prepaid or prearranged in the mail or delivered to the contract carrier before the beginning of the period. 384 (H.B. 384 (H.B. Sec. 3.85 & 3.90 \\ 384 (H.B. "Pete Smith"). CONTRIBUTION FROM CORPORATION OR LABOR ORGANIZATION. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. The overall contributions favor the Republicans, both in the aggregate and per candidate. Senate fundraising numbers include receipts over the previous six-year cycle, including from special election races. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. campaign contributions Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 4 (S.B. Sec. They are willing to work for free. (d) This section does not apply to a political contribution made to or accepted by a holder of an office to which Subchapter F applies. SUBCHAPTER F. JUDICIAL CAMPAIGN FAIRNESS ACT. 3233), Sec. 3044), Sec. ~~~~~\text{Pledges/contributions} & &8.33 & 0\\ \hline 4.13 & 3.71 \\ Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1134, Sec. (b) If the contribution or expenditure is in support of a candidate, each opposing candidate whose name appears on the ballot is entitled to recover damages under this section. 3233), Sec. 13, eff. Sec. 5, eff. 249, Sec. On a separate sheet of paper, write the best possible answer for each one. June 2, 2019. 899, Sec. -money As of the semiannual reports, Republican candidates for the Texas State Legislature had raised $28.3 million, while Democrats had raised $24.9 million. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 2, eff. 3, eff. Which state does not pay its legislators a salary except for a per diem expense based on federal policy? (a) A candidate may not knowingly accept a campaign contribution or make or authorize a campaign expenditure at a time when a campaign treasurer appointment for the candidate is not in effect. If only a small portion of a PAC's activity is in connection with state and local elections in Texas, the political committee may be an out-of-state political committee and therefore not . This section does not apply to a political contribution made, for the purpose of sponsoring or attending an event, to a political committee affiliated with: (1) an organization that has been designated as an auxiliary, coalition, or county chair association of a political party as provided by political party rule or state executive committee bylaw; or. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. June 16, 1995. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person required to register under Chapter 305, Government Code, may not knowingly make or authorize a political contribution or political expenditure that is a political contribution to another candidate, officeholder, or political committee, or direct campaign expenditure, from political contributions accepted by: (1) the person as a candidate or officeholder; (2) a specific-purpose committee for the purpose of supporting the person as a candidate or assisting the person as an officeholder; or. CIVIL PENALTY. Similarly, Republicans had raised on average $152,953, while Democrats had raised on average $119,046. Incorrect Answer(s) APPLICATION OF CONTRIBUTION AND REIMBURSEMENT LIMITS TO CERTAIN CANDIDATES. 3233), Sec. (e) Reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the suit may be awarded to the defendant if judgment is rendered in the defendant's favor. Sec. invitation to special conferences Sec. 839 (H.B. 384 (H.B. That amount can occasionally go up $100 per day to a maximum of $10,000. 11, eff. Public interest group: 304, Sec. (c) The prohibitions prescribed by Subsections (a) and (b) include the personal use of an asset purchased with the contribution and the personal use of any interest and other income earned on the contribution. TITLE 15. (b) A political committee assisted by a corporation or labor organization under Section 253.100 commits an offense if it accepts or uses money or any other thing of value that is known by a member or officer of the political committee to have been obtained in violation of Subsection (a). Using these suppositions, analyze the Table AMS $10.1$ data and write a report for presentation to the team that indicates your findings. 479, Sec. Jan. 1, 1992. If the trend holds true, we should see another $29.60 million flow into Texas campaign coffers before election day. Based on efforts to increase minority representation in Texas, how many Hispanic legislators served in the Texas legislature in 2015? 2586), Sec. September 1, 2009. Washington, (b) The commission shall base the amount of the penalty on: (3) the amount necessary to deter future violations; and. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 3903), Sec. (2) held a judicial office, unless the person had become a candidate for another office and the contribution was made in connection with an election for nonjudicial office. (3) is not broadcast, cablecast, published in a newspaper or magazine, or placed on a billboard. Which of the following are changes in campaign financing allowed by the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission decision? 253.102. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. the candidates' political party. (a) A judicial candidate or officeholder who makes political expenditures from the person's personal funds or who accepts one or more political contributions in the form of a loan, including an extension of credit or guarantee of a loan or extension of credit, from one or more persons related to the candidate or officeholder within the second degree of affinity or consanguinity, as determined under Subchapter B, Chapter 573, Government Code, may not reimburse those personal funds or repay those loans from political contributions in amounts that in the aggregate exceed, for each election in which the person's name appears on the ballot: (1) for a statewide judicial office, $100,000; or.
