Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). Macedonian 40 % spoken, 60 % written It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits. Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. This is the first time that this has been done using just . My gues. Furthermore, not only does this app provide small lessons that can be expanded into full-on courses, but it also allows you to interact with native speakers of the target language. Northern (Istrian and Kvarner) akavian is closer to kajkavian and Slovene then Southern akavian is ( I understand 95%+ n). Some famous linguists who are acquaintances of mine (they have Wikipedia pages) told me that they thought that 90% was a good metric. The grammars of sign languages do not usually resemble those of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English. Belarusian is, in a sense, in between other slavic languages. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. It all adds up, man. Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. Mi priamo Hrvatski jezik in neotokavian. Jembrigh, Mario. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. The answer is that Izetbegovi is speaking too fast, he is often basically mumbling, and due to the different stress, I cannot identify, where the words start and end. I have a newer version of the paper that I can give in which I changed some of the things you are complaining about. In brief, there is some mutual intelligibility, enough to have a simple conversation of the 'me Tarzan - you Jane' type, speakin. Thank you. As for mutual intelligibility, learned exposure aside, Ive never had much of a fun time in any area of western or northern Serbia that wasnt Belgrade; my lack of a pitch accent system (where Serbian has four accents, Ni has independent accent and length that seldom coincide with the norm); I cannot for the life of me make sense of umadija or Vojvodina Serbian (these are considered the normative core of Serbian) without resorting to asking the other party to slow down and having myself talk slower. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. The Chinese language, on the other hand, is comprised of a number of dialects that arent always mutually intelligible. 8. To deal with the conflict in cases such as Arabic, Chinese and German, the term Dachsprache (a sociolinguistic "umbrella language") is sometimes seen: Chinese and German are languages in the sociolinguistic sense even though speakers of some varieties cannot understand each other without recourse to a standard or prestige form. Later I found out that Slovenian and Bulgarian/Macedonian are all south Slavic languages while Serbian language is actually a western Slavic language like Slovak/Czech/Polish. So, i've been interested about how much Polish speakers can understand Ukrainian without learning the language, but, most results i found said it's not really mutually intelligible, despite sharing alot or some words. While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. The syntax is though very very similar! There are many differences between Bulgarian and Russian speakers. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. Russia) in Canada, and they barely can understand standard Ukrainian. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. The intelligibility of Polish and Russian is very low, on the order of 5-10%. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. How do they arrive at these estimates? London Times, 25 September 2006 I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. In terms of pronunciation, Ukrainian or Southeastern Yiddish can be considered to occupy an intermediate position between Northeastern and Central Yiddish. Its a nasty drug, and I hear its addicting. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. There can be various reasons for this. Ukranian: 20% For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. Postby voron 2018-01-26, 22:33. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. This is a Chakavian-Slovenian transitional lect that is hard to categorize, but it is usually considered to be a Slovenian dialect. I can randomly pick up another paragraph from that Wikipedia page, and it would be harder: Polish: Ukrainian and Belarusian (both partially; moreover, . We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. The results: I believe Polish: 5% Is there an agreed-upon standard? These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. In Czech rep. Slovaks dont have to pass any language exams (the other foreigner do have to). Also how much of Rusyn do Russians understand on a % basis? It was for me a bit strange, because Bulgarian science still supports the thesis that Macedonian is Bulgarian. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. Chakavian actually has a written heritage, but it was mostly written down long ago. Post 1991, g has returned. But, as the goal of the OP was to debunk the myth that says every slavic speaker can understand each other, he is quite right on that. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. let me guess, British bankers/Zionists/Rosthchild family/British oil companies/British special forces/Mossad was behind it? Is there any particular method to determine this? The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Ukrainian and Belarusian are pretty much mutually intelligible (source: I am a poet in Belarusian, I go to poetry festivals in Belarus quite often and there are no interpreters for the Ukrainian poets invited to international events). the use of the accusative is nearly identical in Ni Torlak and Kumanovo Macedonian (cannot say the same for standard Macedonian as it has no accusative to begin with) and is, in general, more of an oblique case than anything else I am born and raised in Western Ukraine in a Russophone family. Speaking of myself, after calculating everything, I can understand to specific degree Slovene, somewhat Slovak/Russian, Serbo-Croatian std without problems and also Macedonians. Perhaps you would care to explain why the FBI has NOT charged Osama Bin Ladin with 9/11 but with the African Embassy bombings. So, when you're learning the Polish alphabet, all you have to pay attention to are the special accents and the pronunciation. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. How many English speakers know Serbo-Croatian? It is not a failure. However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. Croatian (Stokavski): 98% Ukrainian much less comprehensible. I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. Slovak: 20% Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. The more the better. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. That is good to know. Ive not read em myself. Hello everyone, This is great. Dont let the past politics fool you. Yet there is a dialect continuum between Slovenian and Kajkavian. In fact, some say the intelligibility between the two is near zero. When I visited Bulgaria I tried to communicate in Serbian language with the Bulgars. It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. I also run a YouTube channel where I try to put the differences within the Croatias borders online since many whove seen them were surprised (or shocked). Balgarskijat ezik e pluricentrien ezik ima njakolko kniovni normi. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) & relat.)) Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. The Polish and Ukrainian languages come from the same Slavic roots, but are not so close that they are mutually intelligible. The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. There is a group of Bulgarians living in Serbia in the areas of Bosilegrad and Dimitrovgrad who speak a Bulgarian-Serbian transitional dialect, and Serbs are able to understand these Bulgarians well. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. . The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. Yes you can. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. Then tokavian person reaction would be: What? While the two share a similar grammar system and some vocabulary words, . The differences to me are like New England English versus English in the deep South versus Australian. I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. So dominant, in fact, that parts of Ukraine and Belarus were significantly russified in a matter of a generation, even if not completely. Woof woof! Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. Upper Dnistrian is influenced by German and Polish. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. Finally, I think the Ukrainians' mentality if more Polish, while the Russian mentality is more fourteenth century Mongol. This is a political point, of course. However, you do say later in the text that If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). You get 0%. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. slavic mutual newspaper Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Score: 4.1/5 (68 votes) . It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close Many Silesian speakers now speak a watered down version of Silesian which is more properly seen as a Polish dialect with some Silesian words. Both me and her had a much easier time following the Rusyn dialects than standard Ukrainian (although they were by no means completely comprehensible). Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. Look at this Polish girl: Between sources, you might find some claiming that two languages are mutually intelligible, while other sources claim those same languages arent. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). For the south slavic speakers, it is a commonism, almost a joke, for a Serb and a Croat to argue---in a mutually intelligible language---that . However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. She introduces her and her two friends from the Czech republic and Spain, Because she speaks very clearly and slowly, I understand everything between 0:25-0:32, but then she starts a fast flood of words and between 0:32-0:36 I basically hear only s. This phenomenon is called asymmetrical mutual intelligibility. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. And Im glad he didnt felt in the nonsense babble of serbians, croats and bosnians that try too hard to show their differences, due to political/religious reasons. It is very strange when some words are not understood, although the communication is possible. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. She doesn't speak any Polish so it's going to be an interesting challenge. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. However, many groups of languages are partly mutually intelligible, i.e. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). Required fields are marked *. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Of course, the interviews are subtitled in Macedonian, but even an untrained ear and eye can see how similar these languages are. It has many Hungarian words, archaic Slavic words and words of an unknown origin (at least to me). Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian language. Likewise with Polish vs Czech, and Slovenian vs Standard Croatian (these pairs are the most commonly mistaken as mutually intelligible). Those 12% in Polish are very dubious as well. Email me and give me your name please and I will use you in the paper. This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. His wife had never been to Poland and her language was completely foreign to me. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. Nevertheless, most Bulgarians over the age of 30-35 understand Russian well since studying Russian was mandatory under Communism. Belarussian has 80% intelligibility of Ukrainian and 55% of Polish. Also akavian has some elements of its own. | Animals | Slavic Languages Comparison The Best Online German Learning Resources Ukrainian phrases Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher. About Slovak being two different unintelligible languages I highly doubt so. Slovenian language might be closer to the Macedonian/Bulgarian than to the Serbian language. So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? Czechs are more urbane. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. Intelligibility between the two is estimated at 82%. Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. I would say that Macedonian is about 25% intelligible to a Serbian speaker that was never exposed to Macedonian. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. The two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there are significant differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It is quite true that Macedonian speakers (even today) are switching to Serbian (although there is a resistence among some speakers of Macdonian) on informal situations. It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. Maltese. Polish only a few words. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. 1993. Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. Go back to your kennel. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. For instance, West Palesian is a transitional Belarussian dialect to Ukrainian. The person did not understand everything what I wrote. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. He gave me the 25% figure. [1] Greg, Kaikavian is dialect of Slovenian language. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. Interesting article but I think there are some minor and some major mistakes and misunderstandigs. Main difference between akavian, kajkavian and tokavian is in vocabulary. Torlakian (considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some) has significant mutual intelligibility with Macedonian and Bulgarian. Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. Donations are the only thing that keep the site operating. You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency Re: Rus/Ukr They understand almost nothing. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. General. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. Once you learn Ukrainian, you can understand Polish, Czech, Belarusian, or other Slavic languages because they are quite similar. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. But I can tell you this. I hope you will like it and will be useful for your researches! Most native speakers agree on MI. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. No idea, but if they are fairly intelligent as she sounds like she is, you might be shocked at how she might be able to rattle off some estimated figures like that. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. Vitebsk, Belarus. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. can take anywhere. I could try. Theres a good reason for this: mutual intelligibility. I speak Slovenian and Croats think that I can speak Kaikavian.
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